English

語り部としての福島の春Threeへの手紙
美術評論家 岡部 あおみ

3月11日、東北ではまだ寒い冬の午後でした。あれから二度目の冬が訪れ、もうすぐ春になりますが、福島ではこれから40年近くも続く廃炉へ向けての長い道程が始まったばかりです。東京でのThreeの個展に立ち会える光栄に感謝しつつ、あのつらい日々に読んだヴィスワヴァ・シンボルスカの詩『終わりと始まり』(未知谷出版 1997年 沼野充義訳)から「現実が要求する」の抜粋を送ります。

現実が要求する
このことも言っておくようにと
生活は続いていく
それはカントーネやボロジノの近郊でも
コソヴォの野でも、ゲルニカでもおなじこと (中略)

ヒロシマがあるところでは
またもやヒロシマが繰りかえされ
日用品がたくさん製造される (中略)

悲劇の峠で
風が頭から帽子をもぎとる
しかたのないこと
それを見てわたしたちは笑ってしまう 

社会主義体制が崩壊し、繰り返される戦争の悲劇の中でも絶望に陥らずに全体主義へのアイロニカルな詩的マニフェストを書きつづったポーランドの女性詩人は、ノーベル賞に輝きました。この詩に登場する場所はすべて戦場です。3.11直後にフランスの友人たちが東京にいる私を心配して送ってくれたメールの返信に、「今、日本は戦場のようなものなの」と書き送っていたことを思い出します。でも一体それはなんの戦場だったのか。
信じていた我が国、故郷への信頼がもろくも崩れ落ち、その荒れ果てた廃墟にたたずんで号泣しかできなかった当時の惨めさは、シンボルスカの詩でどれほど慰められたかわかりません。まだ20代の福島出身のあなたたちが故郷にとどまり制作を続ける道を選んだのは、きっと現実と芸術が「要求」したからなのでしょう。シンボルスカのように、ヒロイックな英雄主義に流されず、しぶとく静かに個に語りかける闘いを続けるために。
国境を超えて死の灰が広がった1986年5月のチェルノブイリの大惨事のとき私はパリにいました。福島ではあなたたち三人がその前後に次々とかわいい産声をあげていたことも知らず。その直後に福島県は「アトムふくしま」の号外を出し、万が一事故や地震が起きても原子炉建屋を含める何重もの防護・安全装置があり、放射能が拡散するような大事故にはいたらないと主張しました。でも当時から水蒸気爆発や水素爆発が起きれば、みなふきとんでしまうこと、炉心の破損や溶解さえも起きる可能性があるとささやかれていました。そして進歩への狂信は裏切られます。2001年9月11日のテロ事件を経て書かれた「速度」の思想家フランスのポール・ヴィリリオの『自殺へ向かう世界』(NTT出版 2003年 青山勝・多賀健太郎訳)は、技術や機械の発展が必ず新たな事故を引き起こさずにはいないという冷酷な現代の姿を予知的に描いています。
今回Threeの新作は原子炉建屋がテーマです。地上に見える現実の建屋の比率と同じ3m以上あるシンプルなキューブの表面は、福島県内県外の避難者数に等しい15万1503個のカラフルな色水のしょうゆ差しで覆われ、その3割にだけ黒く濁った水が入れられています。それはこの個展の初日3月14日の2年前に爆発した3号機の炉心損傷と同じ割合であり、かつ人体への脅威と影響の象徴なのだと、Threeは説明してくれました。抑圧の墓標として聳える憤怒と悲しみのモニュメントは同時に、帰らぬ日々を想いつつ生活する大勢の人々の尊厳を表象しているようにも思えます。
もうひとつは資生堂art eggに去年初出品したインスタレーションに似た空のしょうゆ差しをスクリ-ンにして映像を投射する作品ですが、今回は両面を使い、それぞれ東京とThreeが住む福島市から近い、かの避難解除準備・居住制限・帰還困難区域に指定された飯舘村で同日同時刻に撮った映像が使用されています。「スーパーの生鮮食品売り場」、「コンビニ」、「人通りが多い通り」、「運動場」など東京と福島を対比できる場所が選ばれ、群衆や個の営みが空のしょうゆ差しにデータ化した色彩を去来させます。観客は同時に両面を見ることはかなわず、情報という無数の透明な膜が仲介しているにもかかわらず、異なるジオポリティカルな位置にいる他者同士は不可視性の海に漂い、その非対称的なまなざしはけっして交差することがないという無情な現実が示されているのかもしれません。
被災地には全国各地から多くの勇敢なアーティストが訪れ、興味深いプロジェクトを手掛けています。一方、あなたたちは生命を脅かす放射能の脅威の下、多面的で複雑な福島の現実に鋭く切り込み、浄化し、自らの営みとして芸術の可能性を追い続けています。生ぬるい救済や祈りでも、言葉での倫理的追求でもなく、ひたすら「要求」に答える認識への堅固な誓いのために。そこに言外の重みが滲んでいます。記憶が日々遠のく東日本大震災と福島を語り継ぐあなたたちの意志とすばらしい作品に心から拍手を送り、最後にシンボルスカの言葉でこの手紙をしめくくりたいと思います。

詩を書かない滑稽さよりは
詩を書く滑稽さのほうがいい

いつもの笑いとユーモアを忘れずに、風刺と批判精神に富んだ詩的な語り部でいてください。

愛をこめて

2013年3月1日 東京にて 岡部あおみ

Japanese

Spring of Fukushima, as a Storyteller – A letter to Three
Art Critic Aomi Okabe

It was in the afternoon on March 11, still in the very cold winter. Two winters have come and gone since then, and the spring is about to come again. For Fukushima, however, it is just the beginning of a long road towards decommissioning of the nuclear reactor which could take as long as 40 years. As I feel thankful for the honor of witnessing this exhibit, Three, in Tokyo, I would like to share the excerpt from “The Reality Demands” by Wislawa Szymborska from “The End and The Beginning” (Publisher Michitani, 1997, translation by Mitsuyoshi Numano), which I read in those difficult days.

Reality demands
we also state the following:
life goes on.
It does so near Cannae and Borodino,
at Kosovo Polje and Guernica *snip*

Where Hiroshima had been,
Hiroshima is again
manufacturing products
for everyday use.*snip*
On the tragic mountain passes
the wind blows hats off heads
and we cannot help––
but laugh

The female poet in Poland kept writing ironical yet poetic manifestos vis-à-vis totalitarianism, without yielding to despair, even in the midst of the tragedy of recurring wars after the socialism system failed, and she won the Nobel Prize.

All the places that appear in this poem were killing fields. Immediately after March 11, my friends in France sent me e-mails worrying about me even though I was in Tokyo. I remembered writing back to them saying, “Right now, Japan is like a killing field.” But, it was a killing field for what?

The trust I had in my own country and home that I believed in collapsed like a house of cards and all I could do was to stand in the desolate devastation and bawl my eyes out. You have no idea how much that sense of misery was consoled by Szymborska’s poems.
All of you from Fukushima, still in your 20’s, decided to choose the path of staying in your hometown and continuing to produce. Maybe that is because the reality and art “demanded” it, so that you can continue your battle of talking to individuals, stubbornly yet quietly, without getting carried away by some heroism, just like how Szymborska did.

I was in Paris when the cataclysmic catastrophe happened in Chernobyl in May of 1986, which spread ashes of dead across borders. Little did I know that three of you were born around that time, giving cute little first cries, in Fukushima. Right after the disaster in Chernobyl, Fukushima Prefecture issued an extra edition of “Atom Fukushima,” claiming that its plant would never have a catastrophe where radiation would diffuse even in the unlikely event of accidents or earthquakes because there is a multitude of protective/safety systems, including the nuclear reactor buildings. Even back then, however, people were whispering that if steam explosions or hydrogen explosions happened, everything would be blown away and the core could be damaged and even nuclear meltdown could possibly happen. Paul Virilio, a French philosopher known for being a thinker of “velocity,” predictively delineated the cruel modern world in which development of technologies and machinery is destined to cause new accidents in The Suicide State” (NTT Publishing Co., Ltd., 2003, translation by Masaru Aoyama and Kentaro Taga), which he wrote after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001

The theme of the new work this time by Three is a nuclear reactor building. A simple cube having a size greater than 3 meters, made to a same proportion of the real nuclear reactor building on the ground, has its surface covered with 151,503 small soy sauce droppers that are filled with colorful colored water, and this number corresponds to the number of the evacuees inside and outside of Fukushima Prefecture. Of them, 30% of the droppers are filled with black and murky water. Three explained to me that 30% is the ratio of the damage on the #3 reactor, which exploded exactly 2 years ago from March 14, the day this exhibit will open, and it symbolizes the threat and effect on human bodies. This monument of wrath and sadness that towers over us as a grave marker of oppression also represents the dignity of those overwhelming number of people who live while thinking about the days that will never come back, or so it seems to me.

The other one is similar to the installation displayed for the first time at Shiseido art egg last year, which was a screen made of empty soy sauce droppers on which images were projected. This time, they used both sides of the object to project images of Tokyo on one side and the images of Iitate Village, which is close from Fukushima City where the members of three live, known for having been designated the region containing the zone that has been declared safe for short visits, one that still requires decontamination work and the one which will remain a no-go zone for many years. These images were taken at the same hour on the same day of the year.

Several locations that allow us to compare Tokyo and Fukushima, such as “a fresh produce area in a super market,” “convenience store,” “busy street,” and a “playground” were selected, and activities of a crowd of people or individuals let the datarized hue come and go on the empty soy sauce droppers. Those who come see it cannot look at the both sides simultaneously. Despite the fact that it is mediated by countless transparent films called information, those who are situated on the other side of geopolitical position simply drift around in the ocean of invisibility, and their eyes will never intersect with the eye on the side because of the asymmetry. Maybe that is what it represents: the heartless reality.
Many brave artists have visited the disaster area from all over the country and engaged in interesting projects. You, on the other hand, sharply cut into the multifaceted and complicated reality of Fukushima and sanctify it under the threat of the radiation that can jeopardize your lives and continue to pursue the possibility of art through your own activity. Not for the sake of some kid-glove redemption or prayer or ethical pursuit in the form of words but only for the sake of your sound vow to you rawareness to patiently respond to the “demand.” And there oozes out the unspoken heaviness. I would like to give a big hand from the bottom of my heart to your resolution to pass on stories of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima that seem to fade away every day and conclude this letter with the words of Szymborska:

It is better to be jocular for writing poetry
than not being jocular for not writing poetry.

Please always be poetic storytellers rich with satire and a critical spirit without forgetting your usual laugher and sense of humor.

With love,

Aomi Okabe, in Tokyo, on March 1, 2013